INTRODUCTION
To the uninitiated, MK-ULTRA was the CIA's effort at producing
a "Manchurian Candidate" - the same kind of assassin who most likely
was responsible for the assassinations of not only such Third World
leaders as Patrice Lumumba in the Congo and Salvadore Allende in Chile,
but also JFK, Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and the crippling
of Alabama governor, George Wallace - all here in the United States.
[All of these men - the two Kennedy's, Martin Luther King, and George
Wallace - (whether of the political left or the populist right)
were considered to be threats to the "established order" of things,
i.e., the elite establishments of both the Democratic and Republican
parties.]
Americans, of course - especially "middle-class Christians" - like
to believe that these kinds of things don't go on in the United States.
Undoubtedly, they occur in Third World countries, in some European capitals,
and - no doubt - in the Middle East, but surely not here. But the Bible
says that "We are all sinners" (Romans 3:23) - and Americans
are no more immune from these sorts of things than anyone else. The
only thing we might be better at is in covering them up.
As you read this material, you will be amazed at what's been happening
- at what the elites have been up to over the years; and you will be
shocked by their unfeeling callousness and cold cynicism. Moreover,
you will be stunned as you begin to grasp the fact that it's into this
gloomy, cheerless and dismal world that the leadership of today's evangelical
church is taking us with its new-found appetite for politics, and in
the process polluting the church.
Christians need to realize that it's not without reason that the Bible
says:
"My kingdom is not of this world; if my kingdom were of this
world, then would my servants fight ... but ... my kingdom (is) not
from hence." (John 18:36)
"Do not love the world, or anything in the world. If anyone loves
the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For everything
in the world ... comes not from the Father ..." (1 John 2:15-16)
"The whole world lieth in the evil one." (1 John 5:19)
To evangelicals - to Biblical literalists - the teaching of the Bible
on the matter of the world has always been very clear: the Bible instructs
us that the world - which must of necessity include the United States
- is under Satan's control, and he is its ruler; he controls the world.
Satan controls the entire world:
As
God's children, we have been called out of the world for there is nothing
that we can do to make it any better. The church is a calling out
from the world (John 15:19; 17:14-16; Gal. 6:14; James 4:4)
- she is called out to witness that she is not of this world, but
of heaven; that she is united to a glorified Christ in heaven (Eph.
1:18-23; Eph 2:6), and not of this world, even as He is not of this
world (John 18:36).
The world - including, as a simple extension of logic, the United
States - is like some great passenger ship which has struck an iceberg;
it is sinking; the damage is of such a nature that the ship is beyond
repair and doomed. As Christians, we have not been called to busy ourselves
in the hopeless effort of repairing the damage, but instead we have
been called to get as many people off the ship as is possible before
it sinks. The ship itself is doomed! We are to jump into the lifeboats
and get as far away from the sinking ship as is possible, lest we ourselves
get caught in its undertow as it sinks.
Thus, while it's true that God has anointed the church to be a shining
example of righteousness and holiness in the world, He has not called
upon it to participate in its political activities - which activities
are controlled by Satan. We are to be examples of righteousness (but
not self-righteousness) and holiness (by living simple, humble lives
before God), and by doing so to contrast the light of the church with
the darkness of this world. It is this - and not the church's involvement
in the political process - which has acted as a preservative of righteousness
in the world. The power and influence of a good and righteous example
- humbly portrayed - is far more effective than the force of any political
process. Men will never be convicted of their sin by the church taking
sides with the state and placing guns to the heads of those who refuse
to conform; but countless sinners have renounced their sin and turned
to Christ because of the living example of humble and holy men and women
of God.
We are, therefore, commanded by God to abstain from the affairs of
this world; to not get involved with them. True, we are to "occupy"
until He comes (Luke 19:13); but this means only that we are to vocationally
sustain ourselves and not be a burden on others while we pass through
- and that's all it means. In no way can this verse be construed to
mean anything else. Moreover, not only are we not to involve ourselves
with the world, we are not even to be "friendly" with it. The Bible
says:
"You adulterous people, don't you know that friendship with the
world is hatred toward God? Anyone who chooses to be a friend of
the world becomes an enemy of God." (James 4:4)
In attempting to make common cause with the kind of people who created
MK-ULTRA, all that we as evangelicals will accomplish is to pollute
the church we love so well. But let's now return to the story!
MK-ULTRA AND THE ILLUMINATI MYTH
When one speaks of secret intelligence programs like MK-ULTRA
- a CIA assassination program which the government denied for years
even existed - thoughts of the Illuminati immediately spring
to mind; visions of sinister, spectral old men (probably Jews) bent
on the pursuit of world conquest and the destruction of Christianity,
and all the while cunningly hidden behind an array of front men and
organizations which obscure their real identities and true designs.
But the men behind MK-ULTRA did not dwell in the shadows; the
truth is, they rather enjoyed the limelight. Nor were they Jews - if
anything, they were anti-Semites. The "stuffed shirt" and egotistical
cadre that constituted this elite considered Jews to be uncouth; vulgar;
loud and boisterous; always "on the make" socially; given to a showy
and tasteless materialism; and generally not the kind of people with
whom one would like to associate. "Jew-lover" wasn't the sort of "tag"
one would wish to have hung around his or her neck. It could - and often
did - lead to social ostracism.
The truth is, most of the men who developed and promoted MK-ULTRA
claimed to be Christian; they were all committed anti-Communists (after
all, socialism threatened their wealth); and they shared a very absorbing
common interest in "Big Oil" (which only lent fuel to the fire of their
anti-Semitism: after all, "Big Oil's" interests lie with the Arabs,
not the Jews). The truth is, the individuals who made up the elite which
crafted MK-ULTRA were all white, Anglo-Saxon, "Ivy Leaguers"
who shared a common "world view" and privileged social status which
led invariably to the fact of their easy social, political, and economic
intermingling. They were, in short, "The Establishment" - the very
people that the Religious Right is crawling into bed with today in their
effort "to take the country back for Christ and the church." It's
these people - not the Jews and not the mythical Illuminati -
that produced MK-ULTRA.
THE UTILITY OF THE ILLUMINATI MYTH
TO THE ELITES OF THE RELIGIOUS
RIGHT & "THE ESTABLISHMENT"
The
fact is, myths like the Illuminati Myth are nothing more than very cleverly
devised fables [please see our article, "Pat Robertson, Illuminism,
And The New World Order"] fabricated to throw the "common folk"
off the track of who "the real villains" are - of who it is that really
controls the destiny of mankind. And that's not all: myths like the
Illuminati Myth serve the very real purposes of certain leadership groups
in the Christian community as well; by making the Jews the villains
"of all that's wrong in this world," it allows Christian leaders to
pick the pockets of the white, Anglo-Saxon economic elites who are the
ones who really have the money, not the Jews - something that would
be impossible if the "common folk" knew who it really was that oppressed
them economically - i.e., the Anglo-Saxon elites the evangelical leadership
is taking money from, not the Jews.
There
is an amazing and very marvelous symbiosis here between the two groups
insofar as the Illuminati Myth is concerned: the economic elites benefit
from the Iluminist Myth by having the "common folk" put off their scent;
and the leaders in the Christian community benefit from it because it
enables them to maintain their lucrative relationship with these same
elites. It was so in the aftermath of the French Revolution; it was
so in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917 [after all, what
led to both these revolutions was not the machinations of the Jewish
community (which was oppressed as much by the ruling elites in these
countries as were the "common folk") but the hideous and very burdensome
economic and political oppression by these aristocracies of the common
citizenry - aristocracies which were, as a result, justifiably swept
away by these revolutions]; and it is so today. [Please see our article:
"The Business Right and The Christian Right: An Alliance Made In Hell."]
But let's get back to our story; after all, the story of MK-ULTRA
demonstrates more than adequately what we are talking about here.
THE ORIGINS OF MK-ULTRA
In the years immediately following World War II the United States
embarked on a series of extremely covert, acutely bizarre
and very grotesque mind-control experiments - all in
the name of "national security." The mind-control program began
when Stalin was still alive, when the memory of Hitler was fresh, and
the terrifying prospect of global nuclear war was just sinking into
the popular consciousness. The Soviet Union had subjugated most of Eastern
Europe, and a Communist party had taken control of the world's most
populous nation, China. War had broken out in Korea, and Senator Joseph
McCarthy's anti-Communist crusade was on the rise in the United States.
In both foreign and domestic politics, the prevailing mood was one of
fear - even paranoia. A secret study commission under former President
Hoover captured the spirit of the time:
"It is now clear we are facing an implacable enemy whose avowed
objective is world domination by whatever means and at whatever cost.
There are no rules in such a game. Hitherto acceptable long-standing
American concepts of 'fairplay' must be reconsidered. We must
develop effective espionage and counterespionage services and must
learn to subvert, sabotage, and destroy our enemies by more clever,
more sophisticated, and more effective methods than those used against
us."2
MIND-CONTROL & JOSEF CARDINAL MINDSZENTY
And that's exactly what happened insofar as MK-ULTRA was concerned.
All concepts of "right" and "wrong" were thrown away - and the U.S.
intelligence community descended into a world of shadows and corruption
every bit as great as the gloom and corruption that surrounded the activities
of the KGB - especially as this activity related to "mind control."
John Marks writes:
"In the early scientific age, the dream of controlling the brain
took on a modern form in Mary Shelley's creation, Dr. Frankenstein's
monster. The dream would be updated during the Cold War era to become
the Manchurian Candidate, the assassin whose mind was controlled
by a hostile government. Who could say for certain that such a fantasy
would not be turned into a reality, like Verne's rocket stories or
Einstein's calculations? And who should be surprised to learn that
government agencies - specifically the CIA - (would become deeply
involved in the creation of such a monster)?"3
The immediate impetus behind these experiments was the "show trial"
of the Catholic primate for Hungary, Josef Cardinal Mindszenty, which
occurred in Budapest following the Communist's seizure of power there
shortly after the end of World War II. Psychologists and psychiatrists
in the West were shocked by the appearance of the prelate at his trial,
a trial in which he appeared with a glazed look in his eyes and seemed
to be in a zombie-like trance. They became even more alarmed when he
confessed in what appeared to be surrealistic, robot-style monotones
to crimes of treason he obviously had not committed. His performance
recalled the Moscow purge trials of 1937 at which tough and dedicated
party apparatchiks had meekly pleaded guilty to a long series
of improbable offenses. Mindszenty's trial and a string of similar post-war
trials in other Eastern European countries seemed staged, eerie, and
fictitious.
Experts in the West - especially those associated with the CIA - felt
compelled to find out how the Communists had rendered the defendants
zombie-like. In the Mindszenty case, a CIA Security Memorandum declared
that "some unknown force" had controlled the Cardinal, and the memo
speculated that communist authorities had used hypnosis on him.4 In
1953 CIA Director Allen Dulles made a rare public statement on communist
brainwashing: "We in the West are somewhat handicapped in getting all
the details," Dulles declared. "There are few survivors, and we have
no human guinea pigs to try these extraordinary techniques."
Even as Dulles spoke, however, CIA officials acting under his orders
had begun to find the scientists and the guinea pigs.
Some of their experiments would wander so far across the ethical
borders of experimental psychiatry (which are hazy in their own right)
that Agency officials thought it prudent to have much of the work
done outside the United States.
DR. HAROLD WOLFF & DR. LAWRENCE HINKLE
Dulles as well as the heads of the other American security agencies
(i.e., the NSA, the FBI, the DIA, and the various military intelligence
organizations) became almost frantic in their efforts to find out more
about what appeared at the time to be the success of the Soviet and
Chinese efforts in mind control. Under pressure for answers, Dulles
turned to Dr. Harold Wolff, a world-famous neurologist with whom he
had developed an intensely personal relationship. Wolff was then treating
Dulles' own son for brain damage suffered from a Korean War head wound.
Together they shared the trauma of the younger Dulles' fits and mental
lapses. Wolff, a skinny little doctor with an overpowering personality,
became fast friends with the tall, patrician CIA Director. In late 1953,
Dulles asked Wolff to conduct an official study of communist brainwashing
techniques for the CIA. Wolff, who had become fascinated by the Director's
tales of the clandestine world of the CIA, eagerly accepted.
Wolff formed a working partnership with Lawrence Hinkle, his colleague
at Cornell University Medical College in New York City and began work
- but their findings were not at all what the American intelligence
community - and particularly Dulles - had wanted to hear. In essence,
the study debunked the thought that the Soviets and the Chinese had
discovered a "magic bullet" insofar as drugs, hypnotism, etc. were concerned
as they related to "mind-control." The report stated flatly that neither
the Soviets nor the Chinese had any "magical weapons" - no drugs, exotic
mental ray-guns, or other fanciful machines. Instead, the report pictured
communist interrogation methods resting on skillful, if brutal, applications
of age-old police methodologies.
The study's portrait of the Soviet system anticipated, in a dry and
scholarly form, the work of novelist Alexander Solzhenitzyn in the Gulag
Archipelago. Hinkle and Wolff showed that the Soviet technique
rested on the cumulative weight of intense psychological pressure and
human weakness, and that they (i.e., the Soviets and the Chinese) did
not make appreciable use of drugs or hypnosis nor did they possess the
brainwashing equivalent of the atomic bomb (as many had feared). Furthermore,
it appeared that the communists had made no substantial use of psychiatrists
or other behavioral scientists. To be sure, it wasn't so much that
Wolff and Hinkle thought that mind-control was an impossible dream;
only that the Soviets and the Chinese had not yet mastered it.
Needless to say, their findings earned the two Cornell doctors the
enmity of the more right-wing CIA officials - the same clique of
CIA operatives who more than a decade later gathered around David Atlee
Phillips when his name surfaced in connection with the JFK assassination
during the Senate and House Investigations of the JFK matter in the
late 1970s - specifically the CIA's "Old Boy Network" (i.e., Bill Casey,
Allen Dulles, the shadowy and extremely enigmatic James Jesus Angleton,
Richard Helms, Edward Hunter, etc.). [Please see our article, "Conspiracy
Theories."]
THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICA'S MIND-CONTROL EXPERIMENTS
Nonetheless, despite the findings of Wolff and Hinkle, the CIA (and
her sister agencies) - alone among the West's other intelligence
agencies - remained intrigued by the thought of mind-control, particularly
brainwashing and hypnosis. The logic behind their fascination was familiar
in the intelligence business: just because the Soviets and the Chinese
had not invented a "mind-control machine," officials argued, there was
no reason to assume that the task was impossible. If such a "machine"
were even remotely feasible, one had to assume the communists might
discover it. And in that case, national security required that the
United States invent the machine first.
The resulting search for a "mind-control machine" eventually came
to resemble a tiny replica of the Manhattan Project, grounded in the
conviction that the key to mind-control lay in technology. Agency officials
hoped to use old-fashioned American "know-how" to produce the necessary
scientific breakthroughs in mind-control. Instead of turning to "tough
cop" methodologies (which the Soviets seemed to favor but which repelled
American sensibilities), or the guru-like methodologies of Oriental
mass motivation (which the Chinese seemed to favor), the Agency's mind-control
experts gravitated to technological solutions.
The search for a mind-control technology proceeded along two lines:
(1) brainwashing and (2) hypnosis. Needless to say, pharmacology (i.e.,
the liberal use of mind-altering drugs) undergirded both avenues of
approach.
One of the "outcomes" (and there were many) that the CIA was looking
for was the creation of a "Manchurian Candidate" - i.e., an assassin who
could not be traced to the CIA or any other American intelligence agency;
hence the name of one of the most explosive exposé's of the activities
of the CIA in the 1970s: John Marks'5 book: The Search for the Manchurian
Candidate.
THE SEARCH FOR THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE BEGINS
The search led through three separate (yet overlapping) mind-control
programs: BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE, and the most infamous of them
all, MK-ULTRA. All the "heavies" at the CIA were involved,
including Allan Dulles, Richard Helms, James Jesus Angleton, Sidney
Gottleib, Ray Cline, etc. The search also included a whole array of
"CIA academicians" like Dr. Ewen Cameron, the head of Allan Memorial
Psychiatric Hospital in Montreal, Canada; Dr. Robert Hyde at Boston
Psychopathic; Dr. Harold Abramson's group at Mt. Sinai Hospital and
Columbia University Hospital in New York; Dr. Carl Pfeiffer at the University
of Illinois Medical School; Dr. Harris Isbell of the NIMH-sponsored
Addiction Research Center in Lexington, Kentucky; Dr. Louis Jolyon West
at the University of Oklahoma; and Dr. Harold Hodge's group at the University
of Rochester - all of them "big hitters" in American psychiatric circles.
In addition, the CIA used a number of private foundations through which
it channeled its funds to these academicians - foundations like the
Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, the Geschickter Fund for Medical Research,
the Rockefeller Foundation and other similar institutions and foundations.6
What the CIA's mind-control experts were looking for was a way
to create a "Manchurian Candidate" by -
- erasing (i.e., "brainwashing") the "candidate's" mind of all "tell-tale"
threads which might be traced back to the "candidate's" "controllers,"
- and
- creating in him by means of a method called "psychic driving" and
deep trance hypnosis (somnambulism) the "desire" ("urge,"
"drive," "impulse," "stimulus," etc.) to kill a specific target on
command.
DR. EWEN CAMERON
Most of the pioneer (and certainly the most controversial) work in
brainwashing was "farmed" out secretly by the CIA to Dr. Ewen Cameron
at Allan Memorial Psychiatric Hospital in Montreal, Canada. He had been
chief of Psychiatric Medicine there since 1943, when the Rockefeller
Foundation had donated funds to set up a psychiatric facility at McGill
University. With continuing help from the Rockefellers, McGill had built
a psychiatric hospital known far beyond Canada's borders as "innovative"
and "exciting." Cameron was elected president of the American Psychiatric
Association in 1953, and he became the first president of the World
Psychiatric Association. His friends joked that they had run out of
honors to give him. In addition to acquiring a brilliant researcher
in Dr. Cameron, there was the added benefit that his work was
based outside the United States (and the prying eyes of the various
House and Senate oversight committees) - in Canada: Canadians, not Americans,
were the guinea pigs that Cameron experimented on.
Cameron's passion lay in the more "objective" forms of therapy with
which he could more easily and swiftly bring about improvements in patients
than with the notoriously slow "Freudian methods" popular at the time.
An impatient man, he dreamed of finding a cure for schizophrenia. No
one could tell him he was not on the right track. Cameron's supporter
at the Rockefeller Foundation, Robert Morrison, recorded in his private
papers that he found the psychiatrist tense and ill-at-ease, and Morrison
ventured that this may account for "his lack of interest and effectiveness
in psychotherapy and failure to establish warm personal relations with
faculty members, both of which were mentioned repeatedly when I visited
Montreal." Another Rockefeller observer noted that Cameron "appears
to suffer from deep insecurity and has a need for power which he nourishes
by maintaining an extraordinary aloofness from his associates."
A CASE IN POINT: "LAUREN G."
Most of Cameron's work remains a closely guarded CIA secret - even
today - and all this despite the "Freedom of Information Act."7
Nevertheless, a number of people have surfaced who are willing to "throw
light" on what Cameron was up to - some who were even Cameron's patients.
John Mark has interviewed one such patient. He named her "Lauren G"
to preserve her anonymity. For 19 years, her mind had been blank about
her experience. She remembered her husband driving her up to the old
gray stone mansion that housed the hospital, Allan Memorial Institute,
and putting her in the care of its director, Dr. Ewen Cameron. The next
thing she recalled happened three weeks later.
"They gave me a dressing gown. It was way too big, and I was tripping
all over it. I was mad. I asked why did I have to go round in this
sloppy thing. I could hardly move because I was pretty weak. I remember
trying to walk along the hall, and the walls were all slanted. It
was then that I said, 'Holy Smokes, what a ghastly thing'. I remember
running out the door and going up the mountain in my long dressing
gown."
Marks continues by recounting what happened then; he writes:
"The mountain, named Mont Royal, loomed high above Montreal.
She stumbled and staggered as she tried to climb higher and higher.
Hospital staff members had no trouble catching her and dragging her
back to the Institute. In short order, they shot her full of sedatives,
attached electrodes to her temples and gave her a dose of electroshock.
Soon she slept like a baby. [This, of course, is the stuff from
which nightmares are made, and which - during the 1950s and early
'60s - became grist for horror films - but it was real (editor)]
"Gradually, over the next few weeks, "Lauren G." began to function
like a normal person again. She took basket-weaving therapy and played
bridge with her fellow patients. The hospital released her, and she
returned to her husband in another Canadian city.
"Before her mental collapse in 1959, "Lauren G." Seemed to have
everything going for her. A refined, glamorous horsewoman of 30, whom
people often said looked like Elizabeth Taylor, she had auditioned
for the lead in National Velvet at 13 and married the rich boy next
door at 20. But she had never loved her husband and had let her domineering
mother push her into his arms. "I was really unhappy," she recalls.
"I had a horrible marriage, and finally I had a nervous breakdown.
It was a combination of my trying to lose weight, sleep loss, and
my nerves."
"It was then that the family doctor recommended that her husband
send her to Dr. Cameron. When "Lauren G.'s" husband delivered her
to Cameron, the psychiatrist told him she would receive some electroshock,
a standard treatment at the time. Besides that, states her husband,
"Cameron was not very communicative, but I didn't think she was getting
anything our of the ordinary." The husband had no way of knowing that
Cameron would use an unproved experimental technique on his wife -
much less that the psychiatrist intended to 'depattern' her. Nor did
he realize that the CIA was supporting this work with ... secret funds."
THE FIRST STAGE IN THE CREATION
OF A "MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE:"
"DEPATTERNING" (i.e., BRAINWASHING)
An integral part of the "therapy" that Cameron prescribed for "Lauren
G." was a treatment known as "depatterning" - a "therapy" of Cameron's
own creation. Cameron defined "depatterning" as breaking up existing
patterns of behavior, both the normal and the schizophrenic, by means
of particularly intensive electroshocks, usually combined with prolonged,
drug-induced sleep. Marks writes:
"Here was a psychiatrist willing - indeed, eager - to wipe
the human mind totally clean. Cameron justified this tabula
rasa approach because he had a theory of "differential amnesia."
He postulated that after he produced "complete amnesia" in a subject,
the person would eventually recover memory of his normal but not his
schizophrenic behavior. Thus, Cameron claimed he could generate "differential
amnesia." Creating such a state in which a man who knew too much
could be made to forget had long been a prime objective of the MK-ULTRA
program. Cameron wrote that when a patient remembered his schizophrenic
symptoms, the schizophrenic behavior usually returned. If the amnesia
held for these symptoms, as Cameron claimed it often did (evidence
seems to suggest a fifty percent success rate), the subject usually
did not have a relapse."8
Cameron's "depatterning," of which "Lauren G." had a comparatively
mild version, normally started with 15 to 30 days of "sleep therapy."
As the name implied, the patient slept almost the whole day and night.
According to a doctor at the hospital who used to administer what he
called the "sleep cocktail," a staff member woke up the patient three
times a day for medication that consisted of a combination of 100 mg.
Of Thorazine, 100 mg. Nembutal, 100 mg. Seconal,
150 mg Veronal, and 10 mgPhenergan.
Then another staff doctor and his assistant wheeled a portable machine
into the "sleep room" and gave the subject a local anesthetic and a
muscle relaxant, so as not to cause damage with the convulsions that
were to come. After attaching electrodes soaked in saline solution,
the attendant held the patient down and the doctor turned on the current.
In standard, professional electroshock, doctors gave the subject a single
dose of 110 volts lasting a fraction of a second, once a day or every
other day. In contrast, Cameron used a form 20 to 40 times more intense,
two or three times daily, with the power turned up to 150 volts. Named
the "Page-Russel" method after its British originators, this technique
featured an initial one-second shock, which caused a major convulsion,
and then five to ten additional shocks in the middle of the primary
and follow-on convulsions. Even Drs. Page and Russell limited their
treatment to once a day, and they always stopped as soon as their patient
showed "pronounced confusion" and became "faulty in habits" - i.e.,
when they began to urinate and defecate. Cameron, however, welcomed
this kind of impairment as a sign the treatment was taking effect and
plowed ahead through his routine.
The frequent screams of patients that echoed through the hospital
did not deter Cameron or most of his associates in their attempts to
"depattern" their subjects completely. As stated earlier, Cameron described
this combined sleep-electroshock treatment as lasting between 15 to
30 days, with some subjects staying in for up to 65 days (in which case,
he reported, he awakened them for three days in the middle).
Sometimes, as in the case of "Lauren G.," patients would try to escape
when the sedatives wore thin, and the staff would have to chase after
them. "It was a tremendous nursing job just to keep these people going
during the treatment," recalls a doctor intimately familiar with Cameron's
operation. This doctor paints a picture of dazed patients, incapable
of taking care of themselves, often groping their way around the hospital
and urinating and defecating on the floor.
THE VARIOUS STAGES OF
"DEPATTERNING" (i.e., BRAINWASHING)
Cameron wrote that his typical "depatterning" patient moved through
three distinct stages. In the first phase, the subjects lost much of
his memory. Yet he still knew where he was, why he was there, and who
the people were who treated him. In the second phase, he lost his "space-time
image," but still wanted to remember. In fact, not being able to answer
questions like, "Where am I?" and "How did I get here?" caused him considerable
anxiety. In the third stage, all that anxiety disappeared. Cameron described
this state as "an extremely interesting constriction of the range of
recollections which one ordinarily brings in to modify and enrich one's
statements. Hence, what the patient talks about are only his sensations
of the moment, and he talks about them almost exclusively in highly
concrete terms. His remarks are entirely uninfluenced by previous recollections
- nor are they governed in any way by his forward anticipations. He
lives in the immediate present. All schizophrenic symptoms have disappeared.
There is complete amnesia for all events in his life."
"Lauren G." and 52 other subjects at Allan Memorial received this
level of "depatterning" in 1958 and 1959. Cameron had already developed
the technique when the CIA funding started. The Agency sent the psychiatrist
research money to take the treatment beyond this point.
Agency officials wanted to know if, once Cameron had produced the blank
mind, he could then program in new patters of behavior, as he claimed
he could.
As early as 1953 - the year he headed up the American Psychiatric
Association - Cameron conceived a technique he called "psychic
driving," by which he would bombard the subject with repeated
verbal messages. From tape recordings based on interviews with the patient,
he selected emotionally loaded "cue statements" - first negative ones
to get rid of unwanted behavior and then positive ones to condition
in desired personality traits. On the negative side, for example, the
patient would hear this message as he (she) lay in a stupor:
"Madeleine, you let your mother and father treat you as a child
all through your single life. You let your mother check you up sexually
after every date you had with a boy. You hadn't enough determination
to tell her to stop it. You never stood up for yourself ... They used
to call you 'crying Madeleine'. Now that you have two children, you
don't seem to be able to manage them and keep a good relationship
with your husband. You are drifting apart. You don't go out together.
You have not been able to keep him interested sexually."
Leonard Rubenstein, Cameron's principal assistant, whose entire salary
was paid from CIA-front funds, put the message on a continuous tape
loop and played it for 16 hours a day for several weeks. An electronics
technician, with no medical or psychological background, Rubenstein,
an electrical whiz, designed a giant tape recorder that could play 8
loops for 8 patients at the same time. Cameron had the speakers installed
literally under the pillows in the "sleep rooms." "We made sure they
heard it," says a doctor who worked with Cameron. With some patients,
Cameron intensified the negative effect by running wires to their legs
and shocking them at the end of the message.
When Cameron thought the negative "psychic driving" had gone far enough,
he switched the patient over to 2 to 5 weeks of positive tapes:
"You mean to get well. To do this you must let your feelings come
out. It is all right to express your anger ... You want to stop your
mother bossing you around. Begin to assert yourself first in little
things and soon you will be able to meet her on an equal basis. You
will then be free to be a wife and mother just like other women."
Cameron wrote that psychic driving provided a way to make "direct,
controlled changes in personality." [Most Americans recognize these
techniques from horror movies they've seen - what they don't realize
is that these techniques originated at Allan Memorial Psychiatric Hospital
as a result of the CIA's effort to find a "Manchurian Candidate" - editor.]
THE SECOND PHASE OF THE CREATION OF A
"MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE;" HYPNOSIS
The second phase of the CIA's program to create a "Manchurian Candidate"
involved the use of hypnosis. Marks writes:
"No mind-control technique has more captured popular imagination
- and kindled fears - than hypnosis. Men have long dreamed they could
use overwhelming hypnotic powers to compel others to do their bidding.
And when CIA officials institutionalized that dream in the early Cold
War days, they tried, like modern-day Svengalis, to use hypnosis to
force their favors on unwitting victims."9
At the time, the overwhelming majority of psychologists and psychiatrists
in the country tended to believe that people could not be put under
and told to do something that they ordinarily would not do. Nonetheless,
there were a substantial number of prominent psychologists and psychiatrists
who believed otherwise. The most vocal of the early proponents of this
view was Dr. George "Esty" Estabrooks, the head of the Psychology Department
at Colgate University who periodically advised the military and the
CIA on various applications of hypnotism.
Estabrooks acknowledged that hypnosis did not work on everyone, and
that only one person in five made a good enough subject to be placed
in a deep trance or state of somnambulism. He believed
that only these subjects could be induced to such things against their
apparent will as reveal secrets or commit crimes. He had watched respected
members of the community make fools of themselves in the hands of stage
hypnosis, and he had compelled his own students to reveal fraternity
secrets and the details of private love affairs - all of which the subjects
presumably did not want to do.10
HYPNOSIS IS A MUCH MORE POWERFUL
TOOL FOR EVIL THAN MOST PEOPLE REALIZE
Marks writes that the CIA's first behavioral research czar, Morse
Allen was intrigued by hypnosis. He read everything he could get his
hands on, and in 1951 he went to New York for a four-day course from
a well-known state hypnotist. This hypnotist had taken the Svengali
legend to heart, and he bombarded Allen with tales of how he used hypnosis
to seduce young women. He told Allen that he had convinced one mesmerized
lady that he was her husband and that she desperately wanted him. That
kind of deception definitely had a place in the spy business, and Allen
was impressed. The hypnotist gave Allen a short one-week course in how
to capture a subject's attention and induce a trance and Allen returned
to Washington more convinced than ever of the benefits of hypnotism.
With permission from his superiors, he decided to take his hypnotic
studies further - right into his own office. He asked young CIA secretaries
to stay after work and ran them through the hypnotic paces - proving
to his own satisfaction that he could make them do whatever he wanted.
He had secretaries steal SECRET files and pass them on to total strangers,
thus violating the most basic CIA security rules. He got them to steal
from each other and to start fires. He made one of them report to the
bedroom of a strange man and then go into a deep sleep.
Marks goes on:
"On February 19, 1954, Allen simulated the ultimate experiment in
hypnosis: the creation of a 'Manchurian Candidate', or programmed
assassin. Allen's victim was a secretary whom he put into a deep trance
and told to keep sleeping until he ordered otherwise. He then hypnotized
a second secretary and told her that if she could not wake up her
friend, 'her rage would be so great that she would not hesitate to
kill her'. Allen left a pistol nearby, which the secretary had no
way of knowing was unloaded. Even though she had earlier expressed
a fear of firearms of any kind, she picked up the gun and 'shot' her
sleeping friend. After Allen brought the 'killer' out of her trance,
she had apparent amnesia for the event, denying she would ever shoot
anyone."11
What all this seemed to prove was that people could indeed be made
to do things which, under non-trance conditions, they would never do,
even things that they had deep moral and religious convictions against
- all this contrary to the contention of many psychologists, mainly
those who had a stake in hypnosis as a therapeutic tool. Take Bill Bryan,
at one time said to have been the "evil genius" of hypnotism. Bryan
was famous for supposedly "hypno-seducing" up to a dozen women a day.
While working for the CIA, he bragged that Sirhan-Sirhan had been one
of his clients. Combining special drugs (which is a part of the process
of "depatterning") and hypnotism, he was asked, "would it be possible
to implant (a) killing obsession ... in someone?" His reply? - "Yes,
indeed."
Getting back to the main story, Sidney Gottleib, who with Allen, was
responsible for the CIA's early work with hypnosis farmed out much of
the earlier part of the project insofar as the creation of a "programmed
assassin" to a young Ph.D. candidate at the University of Minnesota.
Allen Sears. Sears, who later moved his CIA study project to the University
of Denver, worked with student subjects to define the nature of hypnosis.
Among other things, he looked into several of the areas that would be
building blocks in the creation of a Manchurian Candidate. Could a hypnotist
induce a totally separate personality? Could a subject be sent on missions
he would not remember unless cued by the hypnotist? The answer was apparently,
"yes."
However, in 1957 he suddenly ended his experiments. He had evidently
been shocked by the answers he had discovered and refused to go on.
He severed his ties with the CIA and became a Methodist minister. He
has since refused to talk about his experiments, believing that he had
crossed an ethical boundary and wanted no part of what he had discovered.
Milton Kline,12 a New York psychologist who says he also did not
want to cross the ethical line but was sure the intelligence agencies
have done so, served as an unpaid consultant to Sears and other CIA
hypnosis research. While he has refused to say what Sears discovered,
or exactly what it was that Sears found out that repelled him so, he
has said that "... nothing Sears or others found (out with regard to
hypnosis) disabused him of the idea that the Manchurian Candidate is
possible." "It cannot be done by everyone," Kline says, "It cannot be
done consistently, but it can be done."13
"THROW AWAY ASSASSINS"
Throw away assassins - assassins that can't be traced back to anyone
or connected to any ideology; assassins that can be made to appear as
"crazed lone gunmen;" assassins that can't even remember why (and sometimes
even if) they committed the crime - that's what the CIA was aiming at
with MK-ULTRA - that's what the "search for the Manchurian Candidate"
was all about; and that's precisely what Lee Harvey Oswald, James Earl
Ray, and Sirhan-Sirhan appear to have been.
All three men fit the CIA's profile for a "throw-away assassin" -
i.e., a Manchurian Candidate. All were ner-do-wells; drifters living
on the periphery of society; loners; people who wouldn't be missed.
And none of them were especially bright. In other words, they were,
as psychologist Milton Kline14 describes, prime candidates for "depatterning"
(i.e., brainwashing) and hypnosis. For example, take James Earl Ray:
Ray was nothing more than a down-and-out petty thief: his criminal career
was typified by such offenses as taxicab holdups and grocery store robberies,
for which he usually got caught. The question arises, then, how could
such a man pull off a complicated crime such as a sniper-fire assassination
and make his way to London via Atlanta, Toronto and Portugal? How could
he afford the travel expenses, much less plan the convoluted getaway
in advance? And how could he concoct such an elaborate scheme, yet still
be dumb enough to leave the murder weapon at the scene of the crime
with his fingerprint on it? It fits perfectly the pattern of a CIA manufactured
"hit" modeled after the design of a Manchurian Candidate. And the same
is true of the other two: Lee Harvey Oswald and Sirhan-Sirhan.
Moreover, while there is little doubt that all three participated
in the crimes they were ultimately charged with, all claim to have been
in a kind of a trance at the time and had trouble remembering what happened.
All claimed later to have been patsies. Certainly this is what Lee Harvey
Oswald claimed shortly before he was shot by Jack Ruby. And that's exactly
what Sirhan-Sirhan claims too. He cannot remember the assassination
at all. It's as if a segment of his memory had been entirely erased.
The last thing he remembers is having coffee with a woman. Investigators
later found a notebook in which he (i.e., Sirhan) wrote that he had
to kill RFK - but the writing had obviously occurred as a result of
what psychologists call "automatic writing" - writing which occurs in
a trance-like state.
FACTS DON'T ADD UP
Moreover, it's not just that a mountain of evidence has surfaced in
recent years regarding the trance-like states of all three assassins
when they committed their crimes, the facts which implicate each of
them as "lone nuts" don't add up. We've already discussed the matter
concerning Lee Harvey Oswald in our last newsletter, and the case concerning
James Earl Ray has been rehashed over and over again in the press in
recent years. But what about Sirhan-Sirhan?
Powder burns on Kennedy's clothing reveal that all three of his wounds
were from a gun fired from 0 to 1-1/2 inches away. And yet, all
witnesses claim that Sirhan's gun could not possibly have done this,
for not one person places Sirhan's gun that close, and according to
the general consensus Sirhan's gun never got closer than three feet
away. And that's not all! Sirhan's gun could hold only eight bullets.
And yet, seven bullets were dug out of bodies, an eighth bullet was
traced through two ceilings into airspace, and two more bullets were
identified as lodged in the door frame of the pantry by both LAPD and
FBI personnel (the fresh bullet holes were even labeled as such on their
photographs). [Inexcusably, the door frames were burned, and the Los
Angeles Police Dept. later claimed that no bullets had been found lodged
in the "bullet holes;" interestingly, two expended bullets (inexplicably
dug out of wood) were later found in the front seat of Sirhan's car
(obviously the bullets that had been earlier dug out of the doorframe).
The LAPD then destroyed the records of their tests on the "bullet holes."]
But that's not the end of it. Three bullets were found in Robert F.
Kennedy, and a fourth grazed his suit jacket. The upward angle of every
shot was so steep as to be much closer to straight up than horizontal
(80 degrees). And yet, all witnesses claim Sirhan's gun was completely
horizontal for his first two shots, after which his gun hand was repeatedly
slammed against a stem table (and now so far away from Kennedy that
any errant shots of such upwardness would have been twenty feet high
before reaching Kennedy, as opposed to entering Kennedy's backside as
they did). Moreover, the four bullets which touched Kennedy all hit
on his back right side and were traveling forward relative to his body.
But Kennedy was walking towards Sirhan, his body was always facing Sirhan
during the shots. Afterwards he even fell backwards before saying his
last lucid words, ("Is everyone all right?"). At each and every moment
during this time he was facing toward Sirhan. It is, therefore, impossible
for bullets out of Sirhan's gun to have hit Kennedy's backside.
Obviously Sirhan shot at Kennedy, but it is clear someone else was
firing too. And once a second assassin is established, this adds
far more than just another lone individual to the murder gang (because
of the way many powerful branches of government instantly swung into
action to protect the second assassin). Indeed, any second assassin
virtually proves that powerful branches of U.S. Government were behind
the murder itself - not only because of their stiff resistance from
the get go, but because of their ongoing, coldly calculated, and otherwise
inexplicable manipulation of evidence for keeping Sirhan as the single
murderer.
Now, it's important to remember in this connection that the great
utility of a Manchurian Candidate lies not necessarily in the fact of
his ability to actually carry out the planned assassination, but rather
in the fact a second and sometimes a third gunman was used to make the
actual "hit" - true experts at assassination. In this kind of scenario,
the Manchurian Candidate becomes the patsy to mask the identities of
the real killers - killers the CIA cannot afford to "throw away."
But there's more: immediately following the assassination, a police
"All Points Bulletin" was put out for a shapely, well-built woman in
a polka dot dress (and the man with her) - based on a report by a married
couple who saw them fleeing the scene, the female suspect with a smile
on her face who excitedly said "We shot him." The APB was quickly canceled
by the highest echelons of the LAPD, and all information taken down
about the eye witnesses disappeared. Sandra Serrano, who was on the
back stairs at the time of the assassination, saw Sirhan walk up the
stairs with a "polka dot woman" and another man, and later saw the "polka
dot woman" and the man coming down the stairs alone and the woman saying
"We shot him!" However, Captain Lynch of the LAPD belatedly claimed
that he had been on the back stairs at the time and that no one was
there (and thus Sandra Serrano was a liar and not a credible witness).
Even so, a remarkable number of other people still claim that a polka
dot woman "appeared to be with Sirhan " just prior to the assassination.
By now, the "official" story of the assassination of RFK is so shot
full of holes that hardly anyone believes it any more.
THE ILLUMINIST MYTH AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR THE GOVERNMENT'S LOST CREDIBILITY
As a result of all this, the government has suffered an almost irreversible
loss of credibility insofar as the trust of ordinary Americans is concerned.
The fact is - as we indicated in our last newsletter - a great majority
of the American people (89 percent) no longer believe the government's
"official" version of the facts concerning the assassinations of JFK,
RFK, and Martin Luther King. Moreover, the government's loss of credibility
in these matters has spilled over into countless other spheres of government
activity (i.e., Waco, Ruby Ridge, etc.) - and so much so that many every-day
Americans no longer think the government is capable of telling the truth.
The
loss of the government's credibility in these and other matters has
had severe ramifications insofar as the elites are concerned. The fact
is, when so much credibility is lost, "revolution is in the wind" -
something that the elites are genuinely fearful of. As we indicated
in our article, "Conspiracy Theories:"
"Despite the mythology which surrounds elite power, it is in
reality a very delicate and fragile thing. Challenges to that
control have a way of expanding once they take hold among the governed;
assaults which are initially (and sometimes quite legitimately) mounted
against one individual or segment of the elite have a way of extending
to other members, and from there on ad infinitum. It's for
this reason that elites often feel obligated to spring to the defense
of even their most offensive members, of quashing information (even
well-substantiated information) which - should it become public knowledge
and believed - could incite enough anger to cause the kind of discontent
which might eventually lead to their destruction.
"Once such challenges gain "critical mass," all bets are off
and the elite can easily become prey to the mob."
The fact is, almost one-third of the American population now actually
hates the government as a result of all the lying the
government has been up to. Historically, when elite credibility has
slipped this far, the elite's "fall-back" position has been to let their
allies in the Christian Right prattle on about a supposed "Illuminist
Plot" involving a secret cabal of Jewish conspirators. This is precisely
what happened just prior to the French and Russian Revolutions. It's
not so much that the elites themselves directly promote such nonsense
as it is the fact that they allow their toadies in the Christian Right
to do so. It's all so "under the table," and the great utility of it
all is that it throws those who no longer believe the "official story"
off their track and on to the Jews; after all, it makes no difference
to the elites how the "mob" is thrown off their scent, only that they
are.
But not everyone has been so easily thrown off their scent - and one
of those was no less a personage than President Dwight David Eisenhower.
EISENHOWER'S WARNING AGAINST THE
DANGER OF UNCHECKED ELITE POWER
President Eisenhower warned on several occasions, most notably in
his "Farewell Address" of January 17, 1961, that a dangerous elite of
power was developing in the United States which was no longer responsive
to the cares and desires of ordinary Americans - specifically, that
advances in technology combined with the growing defense needs of the
country had created an opportunity for elites in the military establishment,
"Big Business," and politics to exert an undue and improper influence
on the formation and conduct of national policy. The warning was especially
striking coming from Eisenhower, a product himself of the military and
good friend, as it had been assumed, of "Big Business."15 He described
the "complex" as a tri-centered nexus of power which consisted of a
corporate center, a political center, and a military center. Each was
intertwined with the other, and each fed off the other. He warned:
"A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment.
Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential
aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction. Our military
organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my
predecessors in peacetime, or indeed by the fighting men of World
War II or Korea.
"Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had
no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time
and as required, make swords as well. But now we can no longer risk
emergency improvisation of national defense; we have been compelled
to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added
to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged
in the defense establishment ...
"This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a
large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence
- economic, political, even spiritual - is felt in every city, every
Statehouse, every office of the Federal government. We recognize
the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to
comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood
are all involved; so is the very structure of our society.
"In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition
of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial
complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power
exists and will persist.
"We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our
liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted.
Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing
of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our
peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper
together.
"Akin to, and largely responsible for the sweeping changes in our
industrial-military posture, has been the technological revolution
during recent decades.
"In this revolution, research has become central, it also becomes
more formalized, complex, and costly. A steadily increasing share
is conducted for, by, or at the direction of, the Federal government.
"Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been overshadowed
by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. In
the same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead
of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution
in the conduct of research. Partly because of the huge costs involved,
a government contract becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual
curiosity. For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new
electronic computers.
"The prospect of domination of the nation's scholars by Federal
employment, project allocations, and the power of money is
ever present - and is gravely to be regarded.
"Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as
we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger
that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological
elite."16
And what Eisenhower saw in 1961 insofar as the development of an "elite
of power" has now progressed to the point where, as Michael Parenti
alleges,
"... the symbolic political system centered around electoral and
representative activities including party conflicts, voter turnout,
political personalities, public pronouncements, official role-playing
and certain ambiguous presentations of some of the public issues which
bestir presidents, governors, mayors and their respective legislatures
..." has been made all but meaningless, and a new system of elite
power has taken hold of the country - what Parenti calls the substantive
political system - "... involving multi-billion dollar contracts,
tax write-offs, protections, rebates, grants, loss compensations,
subsidies, leases, giveaways and the whole vast process of budgeting,
legislating, advising, regulating, protecting and servicing major
producer interest - now bending or ignoring the law on behalf of
the powerful, now applying it with the full punitive vigor against
heretics and 'troublemakers'."
The fact of the matter is, the protestations of those involved
in the militia movement and other similar populist movements (of both
the right and the left) against elite power is not all that "off
the mark." Their effort to identify the elite may not be that accurate
(because the new elite is anything but a Jewish cabal); nonetheless,
their contention that the mass of the American public has been rendered
impotent by an all-powerful elite which has seized command of the country
and is now moving to seize control of the world is fairly accurate.
WE HAS MET THE ENEMY AND THEY IS US
But again, it's not some Jewish cabal that's behind what's going
on, but white, Anglo-Saxons, most of whom call themselves Christian
- in short, they are what is commonly referred to in academia as "The
Establishment." They are the ones in command of the major hierarchies
and organizations of modern society. They rule the big corporations.
They run the machinery of the state and claim its prerogatives. They
direct the military establishment. In short, they are the very
people against whom President Eisenhower warned the nation in 1961 (and
for which he received the defamation of almost all his former friends
and associates); they are, in fact, the very people that Oliver Stone
pointed to in his unjustly maligned movie, JFK.17
And
it is precisely from this elite that the CIA has drawn most of its operatives
over the years - Richard Helms, Allen Dulles, Bill Casey, James Jesus
Angleton, Edward Hunter, etc.; this is the clique, as we indicated earlier,
which more than a decade after the assassination of JFK gathered themselves
around David Atlee Phillips when his name surfaced in connection with
the JFK assassination during the Senate and House Investigations of
that matter in the late 1970s - specifically the CIA's "Old Boy Network."
[Please see our article, "Conspiracy Theories"]
The same clique whose ties run deep into the Corporate boardrooms
of most of America's Fortune 500 corporations, the same clique of operatives
whose souls were bought long ago by "Big Oil" - SOCAL, Gulf, ARAMCO,
the Bechtel Corporation, etc. - AND THESE ARE THE VERY SAME PEOPLE WHO
TODAY THE RELIGIOUS RIGHT IS GETTING INTO BED WITH.
No! - it's not the Jews; it's not the Illuminati, it's not Texe
Marrs' ridiculous and imaginary "Circle of Intrigue" - it's the very
people that Tim LaHaye, Pat Robertson, James Dobson, Paige Patterson,
D. James Kennedy and all the rest have got us involved with over the
past two or three decades.
You might, of course, say, "Why is all this important to me?" Well,
there's a very good reason. If you remain with those people and institutions
which are now beginning to involve themselves in "taking the country
back for Christ and the church," you may very well end up sharing their
fate as the "end of days" draw to a close. It's not without reason that
the Bible warns us:
"And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the
great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils,
and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and
hateful bird.
"For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication,
and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and
the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of
her delicacies.
"And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her,
my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive
not of her plagues.
"For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her
iniquities. (Rev. 18:2-5)
Sincerely,
S.R. Shearer
- Based to a large extent on material from the book, The Search for
the Manchurian Candidate by John Marks.
- See page 216 of The Search for the Manchurian Candidate for the
references to the pertinent CIA documents.
- Ibid., pg. 9.
- Please see page 216 of The Search for the Manchurian Candidate for
the references to the pertinent CIA documents. Please also see pgs.
215-230 for a thorough bibliography on sources.
- John Marks became famous in the early 1970s when the government
censored portions of the book he had co-authored with Victor Marchetti,
The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence. A freelance journalist and former
Senate aide and State Department official, he lives in Washington
D.C. with his wife and child.
- John Mark, The Search for the Manchurian Candidate, pg. 59
- The "Freedom of Information Act" was passed by Congress after Watergate
and the subsequent hearings on the hidden (and illegal) "goings on"
of America's various intelligence agencies. It was supposed to "flush"
out into the open such activities.
- John Mark, The Search for the Manchurian Candidate, pg. 134.
- John Mark, The Search for the Manchurian Candidate, pg. 182.
- John Mark, The Search for the Manchurian Candidate, pg. 19
- John Mark, The Search for the Manchurian Candidate, pg. 183. Morse
Allen's training in hypnosis was described in CIA Document # A/B,
V, 28/1, 9 July 1951. His hypnosis experiments in the office are described
in a long series of CIA memos - please see page 227, The Search for
the Manchurian Candidate.
- A onetime president of the American Society for Clinical and Experimental
Hypnosis, Kline was one of the many outside experts to whom the CIA
talked.
- Op. Cit., Marks, pg. 187.
- A onetime president of the American Society for Clinical and Experimental
Hypnosis, Kline was one of the many outside experts to whom the CIA
talked.
- A "new" Eisenhower seemed to emerge during 1959 and 1960, when the
President, at last in health, and acting without the advisers -- Secretary
of the Treasury George M. Humphrey, Secretary of State John Foster
Dulles, and Presidential Assistant Sherman Adams -- who had dominated
the early years of his administration, began to use the powers of
his office to implement his policies and to check the rise of certain
influential factions in the government.
- Eisenhower's "Farewell Address To The Nation," Presidential Papers.
- The power of this "complex" so concerned Eisenhower that - alone
and without the knowledge of his heretofore most trusted advisors
(Secretary of the Treasury George M. Humphrey, Secretary of State
John Foster Dulles, CIA Chief Allen Dulles and Presidential Assistant
Sherman Adams), he took to the air on January 17, 1961 to warn the
nation against it.